Baby Development - Vision
Baby's vision is not fully developed at birth. Baby can see but not as clearly as an adult. His range of vision is only 8 to 12 inches. He cannot clearly identify colour and light. A newborn baby sees only in black and white. The retina which distinguishes colour and light is not well developed in newborns. Brain connections for visual perception are not well developed at birth as well. Only on stimulation, i.e visual input through the eyes to the brain, brain cells form numerous connections among them and cause vision to develop.
Milestones in Vision Development
Focusing
At birth, the baby is far-sighted. He is not able to focus on near objects. A few days after birth, he begins to focus on mother's face at a close range of 8 to 12 inches. The mother should make herself available to the baby as much as possible because baby is very excited on seeing mother's face. He is able to recognise mother's face by the large, high contrast stimuli of the boundary of mother's hairline to her face. Keep your hairstyle and appearance unchanged to enable this distinction and to stimulate his vision. Make faces to the baby like smile, frown, sticking out tongue and opening mouth wide. As baby tries to imitate these actions visual stimulation takes place.
Next to focusing on a face, he is able to focus on bright coloured objects. He is particularly attracted to high contrast bright coloured stripes. To facilitate this kind of focusing, provide the surrounding of your baby with high contrast coloured stripes.for e.g let the bed cover, blankets, pillow cover, toys, books,pictures on walls, car seat cover etc be of contrasting colour stripes.Higher the contrast, the more visually stimulating is the object to the baby.Allow baby to focus on baby-safe mirrors within 8 to 12 inches.
Eye Teaming or Eye Co-ordination and Tracking
By three months, baby will begin to follow your movements and movement of objects as they move from side to side. Stimulation at this stage can be done as follows:
- Jingle a bright coloured rattle in front of your baby and move it from side to side. Let your baby follow it as he listens to the sound.
- Hang a brightly coloured mobile over his crib.
- Change the location of his crib and other items found in the room.
- Talk to your baby while you keep moving around the room.
- Switch on nightlamp when the baby is awake.
Video on Choosing a Crib Mobile
Depth Perception or Recognising Depth
This represents the ability to judge distances. Vision development goes along with development of motor skills. By 4 or 5 months reaching skill develops and eye-hand co-ordination begins. Your baby can locate objects clearly and pick them up and direct them to the mouth accurately. By 6 to 12 months, once the baby starts crawling, he covers more distances. He is able to judge distances and learns to co-ordinate vision with body movements.At this stage, to develop eye-hand-body co-ordination, keep things out of reach and encourage him to crawl to reach for the objects.
Colour Recognition
Can distinguish two highly contrasted colours in about one to two months. In 4 or 5 months,baby is able to see all primary colours.
Toys to Stimulate Vision
- The best source of stimulation for baby is people. Having you and your spouse, grandparents or the neighbours kids around him will provide rich stimulation to the baby. So make yourself and other people available to the baby as much as possible. Baby learns a lot from these interactions.
- Babies find toys with lights and sounds very stimulating. A mobile with bright colour or flashing lights hanging over his crib enhances visual development.
- Baby rattles and electronic toys that sing and dance and musical instruments that baby can play himself are best to stimulate the baby visually.
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